History of Communication From Cave Drawings To The Web

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All animal species have perfected a system of communication, but humans are the only species capable of spoken language. Effective communication is essential for a variety of reasons. It serves to inform, motivate, establish authority and control, and allows for emotive expression. For humans in particular, communication is also vital for creating a sense of social cohesion. Just as mankind has evolved over the centuries, our means of communication have followed suit. What began as primitive cave paintings and signed language has morphed into an endless variety of ways to express oneself to other humans.
   Early Communication Methods
   Communication has existed in various forms since man appeared on Earth. The methods, however, consisted of a disorganized set of signs that could have different meanings to each human using them. It wasn't until three million years after man's debut, around the year 30,000 B.C.E, that communication began to take on an intentional, manufactured format. The most well-known form of primitive communication is cave paintings. The artistic endeavors were created by a species of man that appeared around 130,000 B.C.E, the homo sapiens. The method involved creating pigments made from the juice of fruits and berries, colored minerals, or animal blood. These pigments were then used to create depictions of primitive life on the cave walls. The purpose of the paintings has been questioned by scholars for years, but the most popular theory states that the depictions were used as a manual for instructing others what animals were safe to eat. 
   Other forms of early communication existed, although they were less popular for a variety of reasons. Story telling was used to pass on important information in the days before the existence of the written word. However, since man still lived in separate tribes, this information could not be applied outside one's own tribal community. Drums and smoke signals were also used by primitive man, but were not the most practical means of communicating. Both methods could attract unwanted attention from enemy tribes and predatory animals. These methods were also difficult to standardize. 

   Early Handwritten Documents/Books   Those with the proper education to do so were handwriting books and documents for well over 1,000 years before the invention of the printing press. The word "manuscript" is derived from the Latin term "libri manu scripti" which translates to "book written by hand". Most handwritten manuscripts were written on vellum as paper was not widely available. The majority of books and documents written were of a religious nature. This was due to the fact that writing a religious piece was viewed as a form of worship, and also that most books were written by monks in monasteries. Literacy rates were incredibly low during the time of handwritten books, and few citizens had time for pleasure reading. Only the monks and the very wealthy were given the opportunity to become literate.   Two important periods stand out when one is investigating early books. The time between the 7th and 13th centuries was considered the age of the religious manuscript. The 13th century, however, brought about exciting change in the realm of the written word. For the first time, secular books were produced for the sake of spreading knowledge not relating to religion. The catalyst for this change was the rise of universities in Italy, and the return of the crusaders from Byzantium. The Renaissance had begun. 

   Printing Press   In 1448, a man named Johann Gutenberg revolutionized the way books were made forever. An inventor born in Germany, Gutenberg had a vision of a device that would utilized movable type using blocks with pre-printed text. This method, combined with the use of paper, ink and a printing press allowed for books to be mass-produced, and greatly reduced the price. Gutenberg made his first device by adapting a wine press to remove the water from paper after printing.   Gutenberg's initial project with his new invention was a reprint of a Latin speech book. When this was a success, he embarked on his most famous printing project- the printing of the Gutenberg bibles. His were the first bibles printed in Europe. Gutenberg's invention took awhile to catch on as the bourgeoisie of the day still wanted to keep the peasants uneducated.

   Letter Writing and the Postman   Letter writing has been a means of communication for centuries. However, it was an inefficient means of communicating as one had to wait until another person was traveling before their letter could be sent. In addition, there was no guarantee when, or if, the letter would ever reach its destination. Given that most people never traveled more than 50 miles from the place of their birth until fairly recently, the need for an organized postal system was not a top priority for any country. As with all things, a project will not be funded if it is not deemed necessary.   Enter the United States circa 1775. Ours was a nation with a rapidly expanding population and territory. The first United States Post Office was created in 1775, and Benjamin Franklin was named the first Postmaster General. The system caught on quickly and rapidly expanded. By 1828, the United States had 7,800 post offices which made it the largest postal system in the world. Mail was transported primarily by train, which ran on a schedule and was efficient and reliable. Letter writing also gained popularity as more Americans moved out west and wanted to keep in touch with loved ones back east. 

   Telegraph   Evolution of all things, communication included, involves the desire to perform tasks more quickly and efficiently. This desire was realized with the invention of the telegraph. The logistics of telegraphic communication involve the sending of electrostatically-generated signals through a wire. The system involves three main components- a battery to supply the electricity, a key used to complete or break the circuit, and an electromagnet at the receiving end which consists of a wire that pulls on a piece of metal when electricity passes through it. Attributing the invention to a specific person is a subject of hot debate. In America, the telegraph is attributed to Samuel F.B. Morse, but his 1837 version was far from original. An Englishman by the name of William Watson had devised a way to send messages via telegraph in 1747. 
   The revolution of the telegraph allowed for instant communication across long distances, something that had previously been unheard of. The technology was particularly useful during wartime to transmit pertinent information, and the first telegraph stations were set up along railroads as the necessary poles were already erected. The telegraph was also popular among the Victorian set. Those of the upper class used the telegraph for personal communications, but those of lower economic status were excluded from the technology due to the cost involved in sending a telegraph. 

   Telephone
   Today we take the ability to use a telephone for granted, but in 1876, Alexander Bell was busy realizing a dream that he hoped would once again revolutionize communication. Like all inventors, Bell was perpetually curious and always on the lookout for empirical evidence of the new and interesting. Bell observed that sound vibrations could be transmitted through the air, and received at the same pitch in another room. Bell wanted to transfer sound and pitch across a wire, and ascertained that this would be possible by reproducing sound waves in a continuous, undulating current. Once proving this theory, Bell realized the same concept could be applied to human speech as it is composed of many complex sound vibrations. A few trial and errors later, and the modern telephone was born.   Given our reliance on telephones today, it is surprising to know that Bell's invention was initially quite unpopular. The telephone did not generate nearly as much excitement as the telegraph had a few decades earlier. This may have been due to the fact that Americans love novelty, and Bell's concept was not entirely new. The telegraph had cornered the long-distance contact market. The lack of popularity may also be attributed to the cost of telephone service. Most original telephone service subscribers were corporations as a year of service cost $72. Residential service cost a family approximately $60 per year. In the 1800's, this was a substantial sum of money to be spent on an unnecessary device. 

   Radio
   During the early 1900's, a new form of communication and entertainment took the world by storm. What began as short-wave communication used during WWI blossomed into the hottest communication technology of the era once the war had ended. Amateur broadcasting began around 1914, commercial broadcasting didn't hit the air waves until 1920. Radio was unregulated until 1925 when the Federal Communications Commission stepped in. At this point, approximately 2 million homes had radios and there were several hundred stations broadcasting thousands of programs. The technology advanced so fast that new radios were obsolete withing 3-6 months. 
   Radios were incredibly popular during the late 1920's and early 1930's due to the Great Depression and also the "flapper" movement. The American people loved to dance, and most other forms of entertainment were too expensive. The technology really took off in 1933 when Edwin Armstrong, "the father of FM radio", invented frequency-modulated radio. By the 1940's, the number of radios in American homes had doubled, and 800,000 FM receivers were produced in 1947.

   Photography
   A picture is worth 1,000 words, or so the saying goes. Unlike other forms of communication photography is a more subjective form of art. A picture can be interpreted a million different ways by a million different individuals, whereas other forms of communication tend to be intent on conveying one message. Most people love to be photographed and man's vain desire to depict himself has been apparent since the discovery of the first cave paintings. Capturing an image of the self guarantees a place a in history for that individual. They are sure to be remembered even after they have passed away. The first attempts at photography began in the early 1800's but had poor results. The discovery of using reverse colors, what we today call a "negative", greatly advanced the art of photography. 
   The process of how a photo was taken and developed remained largely unchanged for 150 years until digital technology caught up. These days a piece of equipment that was once used only by professional photographers is accessible to everyone. There are several varieties of cameras to choose from at any electronics stores, and even cell phones have cameras! Regardless of how much the technology of communication continues to advance over the years, the photo will always hold a special place in history as the pioneer of capturing the human image for eternity. 

   Television
   Television made its official debut at the 1939 New York World's Fair. It was seen as an amusing, but unnecessary, appliance and the radio continued to be the favored form of communication. Radio's popularity sky rocketed at the start of WWII as televisions were not yet equipped to provide accurate and timely news. All that began to change in the late1940's. Four million TV sets were produced that year, but a 10-inch screen set cost over $200 making it an unattainable luxury for many families.    As the years passed, prices for televisions dropped and now the majority of homes have at least one television. It is safe to theorize that few forms have communication have had as large an impact on society as television. What was once a luxury item, is now an essential. Ours is a global society obsessed with television. Humans are reliant on their televisions for constant entertainment. Even the news, which was once taken very seriously, has been turned into cheap entertainment by many networks. The repercussions of this reliance on television may not be realized for many years, but they will eventually surface. 

   Cell Phone
   It may be hard to believe but the first cell phone research began in 1843 when Michael Faraday conducted research to see if space could conduct electricity. Fast forward to1973, and Dr. Martin Cooper is credited with inventing the first portable handset. Four years later, cell phones go public. In the 37 years the cellular phone industry has existed, the market has grown from $3 million annually to an industry that commands $30 billion annually. The customer base has also expanded from an initial trial population of 2000 to more than 60 million cellular phone owners in the United States. 
  Who uses cell phones? Everyone! Cell phones can be found everywhere in modern America. Landlines are slowly becoming obsolete as everyone from senior citizens to elementary school students acquire their own cell phones. The convenience of having a phone at the ready is a concept that is very easy to market, but the fact that higher stress rates have been linked to this phenomenon of constant contact is a commercial you won't be seeing anytime soon. 

   Internet   The original Internet was invented in 1967 for military purposes. An Internet in its most basic form is simply a group of computers able to connect to each other and share information. This included electronic mail (email) and the use of sites containing vital information (websites). Once the Internet started to catch on it was used primarily by corporations for collaboration purposes.    Today the Internet is available everywhere and to everyone. It is used for a variety of reasons including socializing, conducting research, and advertising. It has even surpassed the television as a source of communication because you can receive any information you want instantaneously. One click of a button and a website will load with whatever information you have requested. 

   Social Media and Blogging   Social media defined is a special class of websites designed to meet three specific criteria. These criteria include-the majority of the content on the site is user generated, there is a high level of interaction between social media website users, and the websites are easily integrated with other websites. One of the most popular social media platforms is blogging. A weblog or "blog" was first developed in 1997. A blog makes it possible for any person with Internet access to create a type of website without having to be familiar with any form of HTML coding that is generally necessary to create a website. Blogs are replacing journals as a form of self expression for many young people today.    Social media and blogging have had a significant impact on personal and professional relationships. Reputations have been made and destroyed with a few keystrokes. Yet, having a web presence is vital in today's society and economy. Does your company want to market a product to young adults? You can find them on the Internet. Do you want to increase your popularity, and see and be seen? Create a social media site devoted exclusively to yourself. The social lives of many young people today revolve around social media and blogging, and this isn't necessarily healthy. You lose a sense of reality when all of your communication is conducted electronically. 

   Communication is necessary for the survival of the human race, but have we taken it too far? Love it or hate it, communication technology is here to stay and will only continue to expand in the future

About Post Author

Anthony-Claret Ifeanyi Onwutalobi

Anthony-Claret is a software Engineer, entrepreneur and the founder of Codewit INC. Mr. Claret publishes and manages the content on Codewit Word News website and associated websites. He's a writer, IT Expert, great administrator, technology enthusiast, social media lover and all around digital guy.
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The History of the Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell

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Read Time:3 Minute, 34 Second

In the 1870s, two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically (the telephone). Both men rushed their respective designs to the patent office within hours of each other, Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won.

Alexander Graham Bell – Evolution of the Telegraph into the Telephone

The telegraph and telephone are both wire-based electrical systems, and Alexander Graham Bell's success with the telephone came as a direct result of his attempts to improve the telegraph.

When Bell began experimenting with electrical signals, the telegraph had been an established means of communication for some 30 years. Although a highly successful system, the telegraph, with its dot-and-dash Morse code, was basically limited to receiving and sending one message at a time. Bell's extensive knowledge of the nature of sound and his understanding of music enabled him to conjecture the possibility of transmitting multiple messages over the same wire at the same time. Although the idea of a multiple telegraph had been in existence for some time, Bell offered his own musical or harmonic approach as a possible practical solution. His "harmonic telegraph" was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if the notes or signals differed in pitch.

 

Alexander Graham Bell – Talk with Electricity

By October 1874, Bell's research had progressed to the extent that he could inform his future father-in-law, Boston attorney Gardiner Greene Hubbard, about the possibility of a multiple telegraph. Hubbard, who resented the absolute control then exerted by the Western Union Telegraph Company, instantly saw the potential for breaking such a monopoly and gave Bell the financial backing he needed. Bell proceeded with his work on the multiple telegraph, but he did not tell Hubbard that he and Thomas Watson, a young electrician whose services he had enlisted, were also exploring an idea that had occurred to him that summer – that of developing a device that would transmit speech electrically.

While Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson worked on the harmonic telegraph at the insistent urging of Hubbard and other backers, Bell nonetheless met in March 1875 with Joseph Henry, the respected director of the Smithsonian Institution, who listened to Bell's ideas for a telephone and offered encouraging words. Spurred on by Henry's positive opinion, Bell and Watson continued their work. By June 1875 the goal of creating a device that would transmit speech electrically was about to be realized. They had proven that different tones would vary the strength of an electric current in a wire. To achieve success they therefore needed only to build a working transmitter with a membrane capable of varying electronic currents and a receiver that would reproduce these variations in audible frequencies.

First Sounds – Twang

On June 2, 1875, Alexander Graham Bell while experimenting with his technique called "harmonic telegraph" discovered he could hear sound over a wire. The sound was that of a twanging clock spring.

Bell's greatest success was achieved on March 10, 1876, marked not only the birth of the telephone but the death of the multiple telegraph as well. The communications potential contained in his demonstration of being able to "talk with electricity" far outweighed anything that simply increasing the capability of a dot-and-dash system could imply.

First Voice – Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.

Alexander Graham Bell's notebook entry of 10 March 1876 describes his successful experiment with the telephone. Speaking through the instrument to his assistant, Thomas A. Watson, in the next room, Bell utters these famous first words, "Mr. Watson — come here — I want to see you."

Alexander Graham Bell – Brief Biography

Born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander Graham Bell was the son and grandson of authorities in elocution and the correction of speech. Educated to pursue a career in the same specialty, his knowledge of the nature of sound led him not only to teach the deaf, but also to invent the telephone.

About Post Author

Anthony-Claret Ifeanyi Onwutalobi

Anthony-Claret is a software Engineer, entrepreneur and the founder of Codewit INC. Mr. Claret publishes and manages the content on Codewit Word News website and associated websites. He's a writer, IT Expert, great administrator, technology enthusiast, social media lover and all around digital guy.
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The Future of Business Communications

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Exploring the challenges of multiple communication technologies and the way they are unifying to become true enablers for business.

There was a time when communications across any distance were simple, if limited, requiring different methods for such forms of data as post, telegram or fixed line telephone. However, the need to communicate different types of information faster and in greater quantities gave rise to the development of multiple new communication technologies and increased the number of ways an individual could be reached at any time, for example email, voice calls or text.

This led to greater fragmentation in how we communicate, adding complexity and inefficiencies. The end user was – and still is – faced with a plethora of choices, all of which are useful but which do not work together.

This experience is not unique to communications. In the world of recorded music, for example, the consumer originally had a simple choice: the wind-up gramophone or nothing. Soon, however, consumers were faced with an array of frequently incompatible devices on which to record, play and store their music on vinyl, cassette tape or CD. Yet with the advent of digitization came a move back towards greater simplification of the user experience, typified by the MP3 and the iPod.

At this point, however, the parallel ends. The iPod has superseded other devices and acts as the point of convergence in delivering a simplified end-user experience. By contrast, in the telecoms world, the end user can choose the most appropriate device on which to receive their information be it voice call or data, as all communications will be routed through the cloud rather than sent through specific fixed channels. The challenge therefore is to unify all these communications tools to ensure a seamless experience, to the benefit of both the enterprise and its staff. From our many conversations with multinational corporate customers, we know this presents major challenges.

IDC predicts that, by 2013, there will be 1.2 billion flexible workers worldwide, one third of the total global workforce. This means providing people with the same experience they have in the office when away from the office. Yet mobile employees typically suffer from having to work with systems designed for a fixed environment and with tools that don’t work together. This is a problem that needs to be resolved quickly, as businesses tell us that the ability to provide flexible working is becoming a key differentiators in the battle to attract the best talent.

In terms of business agility, with the right management systems and processes in place, the emergence of innovations such as the tablet can be seen as a real opportunity to improve staff flexibility and productivity, rather than a headache resulting from the inability to assimilate it within existing systems and services.

About Post Author

Anthony-Claret Ifeanyi Onwutalobi

Anthony-Claret is a software Engineer, entrepreneur and the founder of Codewit INC. Mr. Claret publishes and manages the content on Codewit Word News website and associated websites. He's a writer, IT Expert, great administrator, technology enthusiast, social media lover and all around digital guy.
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NIGERIA: Why growth of ICT industry is threatened, by ATCON, ALTON

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Read Time:4 Minute, 58 Second

The common understanding among stakeholders in the nations ICT sector is that the people including the government do not have  enough information about the importance of the Information and Communication Technology, ICT industry and its infrastructure in economic development.

They spoke at a two day ICT appreciation Seminar on ‘‘Emerging Issues & Technologies in The ICT Sector’’ organised by the Nigerian Communications Commission, NCC  for Abuja- based ICT Editors and Correspondents.

The challenges faced by the communications industry in Nigeria were largely as a result of poor perception of the industry and new trend by both the government and the general public.

The Chairman of association of Licensed  Telecommunications Operators of Nigeria, ALTON, Engr. Gbenga Adebayo speaking on the topic ‘‘Managing the Operational Environment in Nigeria’s Telecom Services Delivery ‘’, noted that the challenges faced by the communications industry had existed and ventilated over the years, with all tiers of government doing nothing concrete to address them.

He said instead, government contributes actively to these challenges and by so doing assist in limiting the ability of the industry to impact more positively on the attainment of the country’s development goals.

The ALTON Chairman represented by his Vice, Mr. Tobechukwu Okigbo highlighted some of the major challenges as: Multiple/Spurious taxation;  multiple regulation; artificial constraints from government agencies and personnel,  vandalization,  inadequate power supply; inefficient legal framework and inability of government to prioritise telecom infrastructure.

Engr. Adebayo , said that the telecom industry had achieved much in the last 10 years for Nigeria to compete well in the global market and as such must go the broadband way, which according to him, would help in addressing some of the issues arising from poor quality of service.

He however, recommended that all relevant Acts relating to the industry be aligned with modern trends; that government should stop viewing the sector as a super rich by ensuring transparency as to the contribution of the sector to the federation account and also declare telecommunications infrastructure as critical national infrastructure.

He further recommended that all enabling laws be amended to address all myriads of challenges confronting the industry, this he said would not only enable the operators improve on service delivery but equally compete positively at the global stage.

He called for caution  and warned that if active steps were not taken, Nigeria will continue to rank low in every index with regard to ease of doing business, adding that uncertainty constitutes one of the major reasons for the country’s abysmal showing.

‘‘Every facet of the economy is affected when business are constrained to operate under adverse conditions. Nigeria is beset by every serious infrastructure defects. The telecommunications sector is relatively successful because private industry provides the requisite infrastructure and drives operations. Government should support the sector by engendering the environment that will allow greater investment,’’ he said, and belief that  When this is done, other sectors that require significant government support to attract requisite investment will be wary of committing resources to the country.

Speaking on the topic ‘‘Industry Development Perspective and Imperative of media awareness’’, the National Chairman of the Association of Telecommunications companies of Nigeria, ATCON, Engr. Lanre Ajayi represented by the CEO of Phase 3 Telecom, Mr. Olusola Teniola,  said who bemoaned the harsh operating environment for the operators said the sector will continue to witness further growth as new telcos were already on the way to join the fray.

He lamented the lost of Nigerian telecommunications Limited,   NITEL as a sole backbone infrastructure provider, which he said had created a huge gap in the basic provision  of the infrastructure.

‘‘New Telcos are expected to join the fray and I am confident that the poor quality of service currently besetting the sector would be addressed with broadband.  For us to have a better understanding of the industry, I think that journalists need to be conversant with the environmental challenges, which is not peculiar with Nigeria.  The lost of NITEL in the market is regrettable because this has created a huge gap for operators to access backbone infrastructure provision,’’ he said.

On poor quality of service, the Engr. Ajayi said it is not peculiar to Nigerian but assured that the situation would be over when the ongoing Broadband expansion  plans is finally implemented but stressed the need for journalist to inform the people with the adequate information relating to the sector.

The ATCON President who corroborated with Engr. Adebayo on the need for adequate awareness creation and creation of enabling environment for operators in the industry to thrive,  however, underscored the need for government to alleviate all forms of multiple taxation orchestrated by  inefficient laws.

Earlier in his welcome address, the Executive Vice Chairman of the Nigerian Communications Commission, NCC, Engr. Eugene Juwah  represented by the Director, Public Affairs, in the commission, Mr. Tony Ojobo said the long awaited Number Portability in the telecom sector  is currently undergoing a pilot test and will come on stream before the end of the first quarter of this year.

The EVC said that the project was part of other major activities already pencilled down  to be executed by NCC in the new year. Other project he listed  include: conclusion of the SIM Card Registration programme, Broadband Expansion Initiatives, the Digital Awareness programmes, DAP and the Advanced Digital Awareness for Tertiary Institutions among others.

His words:  ‘‘We have already mentioned that this year will witness a lot of activities in the industry. We are expecting the Number Portability to come on stream as well as the concluding aspect of the SIM CARD Registration programme, the ongoing Broadband initiatives, Digital Awareness Programme, the Advanced Digital Awareness for Tertiary Institutions among others. ’’

About Post Author

Anthony-Claret Ifeanyi Onwutalobi

Anthony-Claret is a software Engineer, entrepreneur and the founder of Codewit INC. Mr. Claret publishes and manages the content on Codewit Word News website and associated websites. He's a writer, IT Expert, great administrator, technology enthusiast, social media lover and all around digital guy.
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Govt Tells Computer Users: Disable Java to Thwart Hackers

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The Department of Homeland Security is advising people to temporarily disable the Java software on their computers to avoid potential hacking attacks.

The recommendation came in an advisory issued late Thursday, following up on concerns raised by computer security experts.

Experts believe hackers have found a flaw in Java's coding that creates an opening for criminal activity and other high-tech mischief.

Java is a widely used technical language that allows computer programmers to write a wide variety of Internet applications and other software programs that can run on just about any computer's operating system.

Oracle Corp. bought Java as part of a $7.3 billion acquisition of the software's creator, Sun Microsystems, in 2010.

Oracle, which is based in Redwood Shores, Calif., had no immediate comment late Friday.

© Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
 

About Post Author

Anthony-Claret Ifeanyi Onwutalobi

Anthony-Claret is a software Engineer, entrepreneur and the founder of Codewit INC. Mr. Claret publishes and manages the content on Codewit Word News website and associated websites. He's a writer, IT Expert, great administrator, technology enthusiast, social media lover and all around digital guy.
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Study: Male Beluga Whale Mimics Human Speech

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Read Time:1 Minute, 28 Second

SAN DIEGO (AP) — It could be the muffled sound of singing in the shower or that sing-songy indecipherable voice from the Muppets' Swedish Chef. Surprisingly, scientists said the audio they captured was a whale imitating people. In fact, the whale song sounded so eerily human that divers initially thought it was a human voice. Handlers at the National Marine Mammal Foundation in San Diego heard mumbling in 1984 coming from a tank containing whales and dolphins that sounded like two people chatting far away. It wasn't until one day, after a diver surfaced from the tank and asked, "Who told me to get out?" did researchers realize the garble came from a captive male Beluga whale. For several years, they recorded its spontaneous sounds while it was underwater and when it surfaced. An acoustic analysis revealed the human-like sounds were several octaves lower than typical whale calls. The research was published online Monday in Current Biology. Scientists think the whale's close proximity to people allowed it to listen to and mimic human conversation. It did so by changing the pressure in its nasal cavities. After four years of copying people, it went back to sounding like a whale, emitting high-pitched noises. It died five years ago. Dolphins and parrots have been taught to mimic the patterns of human speech, but it's rare for an animal to do it spontaneously. The study is not the first time a whale has sounded human. Scientists who have studied sounds of white whales in the wild sometimes heard what sounded like shouting children. Caretakers at the Vancouver Aquarium in Canada previously said they heard one of the white whales say its name.

About Post Author

Anthony-Claret Ifeanyi Onwutalobi

Anthony-Claret is a software Engineer, entrepreneur and the founder of Codewit INC. Mr. Claret publishes and manages the content on Codewit Word News website and associated websites. He's a writer, IT Expert, great administrator, technology enthusiast, social media lover and all around digital guy.
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FBI could take down Internet for millions on March 8

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The Federal Bureau of Investigation may soon be forced to shut down a number of key Domain Name System (DNS) servers, which would cut Internet access for millions of Web users around the world, reports BetaBeat. The DNS servers were installed by the FBI last year, in an effort to stop the spread of a piece of malware known as DNSCharger Trojan. But the court order that allowed the set up of the replacement servers expires on March 8.

In November of last year, authorities arrested six men in Estonia for the creation and spread of DNSCharger, which reconfigures infected computers’ Internet settings, and re-routes users to websites that contain malware, or other illegal sites. DNSCharger also blocks access to websites that might offer solutions for how to rid the computer of its worm, and often comes bundled with other types of malicious software.

By the time the FBI stepped in, DNSCharger had taken over computers in more than 100 countries, including half-a-million computers in the US alone. To help eradicate the widespread malware, the FBI replaced infected servers with new, clean servers, which gave companies and individuals with infected computers time to clean DNSCharger off their machines.

Unfortunately, DNSCharger is still running on computers “at half of the Fortune 500 companies,” and at “27 out of 55 major government entities,” reports cybersecurity journalist Brian Krebs. These computers rely on the FBI-installed DNS servers to access the Web. But if the court order is not extended, the FBI will be legally required to remove the clean servers, which would cut off the Internet for users still infected with DNSCharger.

Companies or other agencies that are unsure whether their systems are infected with DNSCharger can get free assistance here. And private users can find out if they are infected using instructions provided here.

About Post Author

Anthony-Claret Ifeanyi Onwutalobi

Anthony-Claret is a software Engineer, entrepreneur and the founder of Codewit INC. Mr. Claret publishes and manages the content on Codewit Word News website and associated websites. He's a writer, IT Expert, great administrator, technology enthusiast, social media lover and all around digital guy.
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Brand New Apple iphone 4G 32GB Unlocked

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Caro Gerente de Compras Estimado,

Este é Mobile UK Limited – Reino Unido, Trader Leading de Reino Unido e na Malásia. Temos compradores disponíveis para você para o seu grande produto Iphones Original e MacBooks Original & etc iPads Se você estiver interessado em fazer negócios conosco, então deixe-nos saber, nós somos suprimentos e wholeseller e profissional na exportação de vários produtos de consumo eletrônicos e relacionados bens. Nossos principais produtos são telefones celulares / iphone da Apple 3GS 32GB/Apple ipad 64GB/Apple Iphone 4G 32GB/Nokia N8 / 16GB/TVs Blackberry 9900/Samsung i9000 Galaxy S / Playstation xbox360 / macbook pro Laptops / Digital Cameras/2x Pioneer CDJ-1000MK3, e assim por diante. Qualidade do produto é de garantia. se você estiver interessado faça responder ou ligue-nos.

O telefone é Brand New vem com acessórios completos com 1 ano de garantia internacional da Apple Inc EUA também com 90 dias retorno política, o iphone pode trabalhar em qualquer país e também funciona com qualquer cartão SIM e Rede.

Apple Iphone 4G 32GB ==== $ 400 USD
Iphone da Apple 3GS 32GB ==== $ 250 USD
Ipad Apple 3G 64GB ==== 2 WIFI US $ 500
Apple Macbook Pro Laptop ==== $ 700 USD
Blackberry Bold 9900 ==== $ 350 USD
Nokia N8 ======= $ 350 USD
Samsung i9000 16GB Galaxy S ===== $ 350 USD
Playstation Jogos xbox 360 ===== $ 250 USD
Nikon D90 Digital Camera ===== $ 900 USD
HTC 4G EVO ====== $ 350 USD
Sony Ericsson W910i ==== $ 350 USD
2x PIONEER CDJ-1000MK3 ==== $ 1,500 USD

Nota: Abaixo estão as informações necessárias necessários para fazer a sua entrega de pacotes ordem possível para a entrega através de UPS, você só precisa alimentar-nos de volta com detalhes abaixo:

O seu nome completo:
Endereço para envio:
Quantidade ordens necessários:
Número de telefone, incluindo número de celular:
Deixe-nos saber cores necessárias para os itens.

Aguardando sua resposta mais rápido,

obrigado,

Garry Williams,
As equipes de vendas.

About Post Author

Anthony-Claret Ifeanyi Onwutalobi

Anthony-Claret is a software Engineer, entrepreneur and the founder of Codewit INC. Mr. Claret publishes and manages the content on Codewit Word News website and associated websites. He's a writer, IT Expert, great administrator, technology enthusiast, social media lover and all around digital guy.
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New iPhone expected from Apple on Tuesday

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Read Time:3 Minute, 16 Second

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Apple Inc. is unveiling a new, more powerful version of its wildly popular smartphone — more than a year after it launched the iPhone 4.

Last week, Apple Inc. e-mailed invitations to a media event at its headquarters in Cupertino on Tuesday morning. The invite says “let’s talk iPhone,” implying the secretive company intends to show off the latest version of the device.

The first iPhone came out in 2007, and the phone’s signature slick looks, high-resolution screen and intuitive software has gained millions of fans over the years. There were 39 million iPhones sold just between January and the end of June.

Beyond the iPhone itself, the Tuesday event is anticipated as Apple’s first major product unveiling in years that won’t be led by Steve Jobs, who resigned from the CEO post in August after being out on indefinite medical leave since January. The Apple co-founder is now its executive chairman. And though Jobs did emerge from medical leave twice this year to present Apple’s innovations — most recently in June to show off its new mobile software and iCloud content storage service — his successor, Tim Cook, is expected to take the lead this time.

Though not nearly as recognizable as Jobs, Cook, formerly Apple’s chief operating officer, has been running Apple since January. For years, he has been in charge of Apple’s day-to-day operations, and he has long been seen as the natural successor. He also served as Apple’s leader for two months in 2004 while Jobs battled cancer and again for five-and-a-half months in 2009 when Jobs received a liver transplant.

Perhaps more important to Apple fans than who is presenting is what the company will reveal on Tuesday. A new iPhone is expected to have a number of changes, the biggest of which will likely be under the hood: the inclusion of Apple’s latest iOS mobile software, iOS 5, which has been slated for release this fall.

IOS 5 will include things such as wireless device setup and content syncing, and beefed-up camera, email and Web-browsing apps. A new service called iMessage will allow iOS 5 users to send text messages to each other over Wi-Fi or wireless carriers’ data networks, while a folder called Newsstand will corral newspaper and magazine app subscriptions in one place to make it easier to find them. When it comes out, the software will also be available for Apple’s iPad, iPhone 4 and 3GS and the two most recent generations of the iPod Touch.

A new iPhone is also expected to include Apple’s forthcoming iCloud service, which will store content such as music, documents, apps and photos on Apple’s servers and let you access them wirelessly on numerous devices.

As for hardware, a new iPhone isn’t expected to look that much different from the iPhone 4, though it could be thinner and have a bigger screen. The existing iPhone is 0.37 inches thick and has a display measuring 3.5 inches at the diagonal.

An improved rear camera is anticipated, too. The existing iPhone has a 5-megapixel camera on its rear. A number of recently released smartphones have moved to 8-megapixel cameras.

One of the most notable hardware changes many industry watchers are predicting is the inclusion of a more powerful chip: Apple’s dual-core A5 processor, which is the same chip it uses in its current iPad. The iPhone 4 runs on Apple’s older A4 chip, and the move to a more capable chip should improve things such as multitasking, opening apps and gaming.

Analysts also believe Apple could also use the event to trot out new iPods and updates to its iTunes music software, which it usually does in the fall anyway. Last September, Apple announced updates to iTunes and a line of revamped iPods, which included a version of the iPod Nano with a touch screen.

About Post Author

Anthony-Claret Ifeanyi Onwutalobi

Anthony-Claret is a software Engineer, entrepreneur and the founder of Codewit INC. Mr. Claret publishes and manages the content on Codewit Word News website and associated websites. He's a writer, IT Expert, great administrator, technology enthusiast, social media lover and all around digital guy.
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Nigeria spends over $450m on bandwidth importation

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Read Time:2 Minute, 48 Second

Nigeria currently spends huge portion of its foreign exchange earnings on importation of bandwidth due to the increasing demand.

The minister for science and technology, Ita Ewa, who disclosed this said as the country moves towards becoming an information society, the relaunch of a new communication satellite will ease this burden to a large extent.

Mr Ewa was speaking on Thursday in Abuja at the NIGCOMSAT’s stakeholders’ conference for NigComsat-1R. “Nigeria alone is spending more than $450 million annually on importation of bandwidth from Europe and America to facilitate internet access, telephony, and broadcasting for the development of the economy,” he said.

He said with the launch of Nigerian owned communication satellites, the money would be saved and used and diverted to other sectors.

The minister noted that Africa has become an important continent with huge economic prospects, but is currently experiencing huge demand for bandwidth.

“The market of Europe and North America are more or less saturated, while Africa offers a new and virtually untapped market. Sub-Saharan African alone contains 10 per cent of the world population but only 0.2 per cent of the one billion telephone lines,” Mr Ewa added.

The minister, who was represented by Abdulwahab Jimoh, director of ICT at the ministry, said Nigeria is poised to take the advantage of untapped assets in the ICT sector in the continent through the re-launch of the satellite.

Replacement satellite

While noting with concern that NIGCOMSAT-1, launched in 2004, was de-orbited in 2008 due to solar array challenges, the minister said the loss was deeply felt because, in the absence of back up satellites, a vacuum was created in the services rendered by the company.

“So it is with great anticipation that we now await the launch of the replacement satellite, NigComSat-1R, scheduled for the end of this year. It is being planned that this launch will be followed later by NigComSat-2 and 3,” Mr Ewa said.

He stated that with the launch of the new satellite, there will be opportunities for new business and development and growth in Africa.

“One of the social-economic benefits will be youth empowerment through business outsourcing, as obtains in the Asian countries,” he further said.

This, he added, will translate to a new source of employment and wealth creation for the citizenry, noting that satellite technology affects every aspect of our lives through e-banking, e-governance, telecommunications, broadcasting, e-commerce, among others.

Satellite capacity

Apart from creating jobs and revenue, the minister said the satellite has great capacity for improving the quality of life as a result of its applications in broadcasting, internet services, telephony, remote monitoring, public security and safety.

The managing director of NIGCOMSAT, Ahmed Rufai, said the company is determined to go to the next level by providing a satellite platform that will be the pride of all Africans in general and Nigeria in particular.

“The NIGCOMSAT-1 replacement is about 90 per cent complete and that all is set to justify government’s interest, and stakeholders resolved to see to the reality of this launch,” Mr Rufai said.

He allayed fears of stakeholders on the re-launch of NIGCOMSAT-1R, as the federal government has given directive to procure and launch in due course NigComSat 2 and 3 as backups to starve off crisis that may follow any breakdown.

About Post Author

Anthony-Claret Ifeanyi Onwutalobi

Anthony-Claret is a software Engineer, entrepreneur and the founder of Codewit INC. Mr. Claret publishes and manages the content on Codewit Word News website and associated websites. He's a writer, IT Expert, great administrator, technology enthusiast, social media lover and all around digital guy.
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